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Caffeine: A
natural stimulant found in many common foods and beverages,
including coffee, tea and chocolate.
Caliper: An
instrument used to measure skinfold thickness.
Calorie:
A measure of the energy value of foods (now replaced by kilojoule:
1 calorie = 4.2 kilojoules)
Calorie
Balance: is the difference between how many calories
you eat (calorie intake) and how many you burn (calorie expenditure).
When the calories you eat equal the calories you burn, you
maintain your weight. Eating more calories than you burn results
in weight gain. Burning more calories than you eat results
in weight loss.
Calorie Expenditure:
is the amount of energy your body uses to walk, run,
sleep, read, breathe, or anything else.
Calorie Goal:
The amount of calories needed to lose
weight and still provide energy for the body; a formula
for losing weight based on the number of calories eaten per
day.
Calories:
Unit of heat, measurement of energy.
Callus: a hardened
or thickened part of the skin caused by pressing or rubbing
Cancer: is
a mass of cells or group of dispersed cells that exhibit uncontrolled
growth and ability to spread to other tissues.
Candida: a
yeast like fungus infection often affecting the female genital
area.
Capillary:
smallest of the body's blood vessels
Carbohydrate foods which contain sugars and starches.
Carbohydrates:
A compound composed of sugars
Carcinogen:
refers to any substance that has the potential of causing
cancer when cells or organisms are exposed to it.
Cardiovascular:
relating to the heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins,
and capillaries) - the circulatory system.
Cardiovascular Disease:
is a general term for all disorders
affecting the heart and blood vessels.
Cataract: clouding
of the lens of the eye
Cell the microscopic unit that forms the basis of all living
things.
Casein: is
the principal protein in cow's milk, which forms curds when
exposed to acid.
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Catabolism:
Reactions that involve the breakdown of compounds in the body,
including the reactions that release energy from foods.
Chemical Diabetes:
a term no longer used - see impaired glucose tolerance
Cellulite:
The dimples and bumps in the skin, usually around the thighs
and buttocks.
Cellulose:
A complex carbohydrate composed of glucose units linked together
in a form that humans cannot digest.
Cholesterol:
A waxy lipid, one member of the group of lipids known as sterols.
Claudication:
pain in the calf muscles occurring on exercise and disappearing
with rest. Caused by decreased blood supply.
Coma: loss
of consciousness from any cause. In diabetes may result from
either very high or very low blood glucose levels.
Complex Carbohydrates:
Starches, such as grains, breads, rice, pasta, vegetables
and beans.
Compulsive Overeating:
Also known as Binge Eating.
Comorbidity:
Potentially fatal side-effect brought about by a disease process.
Specific to morbid obesity,
excess buildup of fatty tissue can cause comorbidities such
as diabetes and cardiac arrest
Coronary heart disease:
Heart disease associated with obstruction of the coronary
blood vessels that supply blood to the heart.
Counseling:
The professional guidance of an individual in a specific area.
Creatinine:
a waste product normally removed by the kidneys. The amount
in blood and urine can show whether the kidney is functioning
properly
Cross Training:
Mixing different activities into your regular workout routine
to avoid overuse injuries and to prevent boredom. Cycling,
running and swimming are 3 common activities used to cross-
train different muscle groups
Crunch: Abdominal
exercise used to isolate the abdominals while, at the same
time, eliminates unwanted action from the iliopsoas muscles
(hip flexors) and reduces the risk of stress on the lower
back; preferred method of abdominal training over sit-ups.
Cyclamate:
a low calorie artificial sweetener.
Cystitis: an
inflammation of the urinary bladder. |
